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BBC Talk Portuguese - an introduction to basic vocabulary for tourists, covering a mixture of Brazilian and European usage ref.: click book. What followed was a kind of love-hate relationship between Cuba and the United States. Cuba today represents the relationship as pure hate, with the country suffering under the most durable dictator of the 20th century, Fidel Castro. After being one of the most prosperous countries in Latin Ameria in the 1950's, Cuba now has been reduced to a per capita annual gross domestic product (GDP), adjusted for purchasing power, of $1700, only 5% of that of the United States [The Economist Pocket World in Figures, 2003 edition, Profile Books, 2002] , cited: dialysiswashout.net. P�nfilo de Nar v�ez, the rapist of Jamaica, led the Cuban governor's army to Mesoamerica to try ending Cort�s’s usurpation of the entrada, and Cort�s easily won the engagement, bribing most of Narv�ez’s men with the promise of Aztec gold before the short-lived battle even took place. [34] � Narv�ez lost an eye in the fracas.� In 1527, seeking an empire for himself, he led an entrada of hundreds of men into Florida, landing in Tampa Bay and outrunning the Spanish reputation in southern Florida.� The entrada was doomed by its brutality and incompetence, and spread disease among the natives.� After eating their horses, some Spaniards resorted to cannibalism.� Only a few members of Narv�ez's entrada survived the ordeal. [35] Taking his cu e from Cort�s's success, the illiterate Pizarro conquered the Incas in South America the same way a decade later.� The main strategy was kidnapping the emperor, which the natives could not conceive of.� After capturing the Incan emperor during a surprise attack that killed thousands of his unarmed retainers, Pizarro's men ransomed the Incan sovereign for tons of gold and silver, and murdered him after the ransom was delivered.� Pizarro’s own men eventually murdered him, as they vied for power.� The initial Incan and Aztec plunderings, although they created great excitement in Europe, were modest when compared to the silver mines discovered at Zacatecas (today’s Mexico) and Potos� (today’s Bolivia).� At Zacatecas, the labor was scarce in the desert, so the natives were treated relatively well.� At P otos�, the "personnel" practices used on Espa�ola were evident.� The natives died at rates that rivaled Auschwitz. [36] � The Potos� and other South American mines consumed millions of native lives.� Along the streams and rivers that flowed from the Andes, natives dying under the Spanish lash worked the mines furiously.� In South America, the Spaniards could not lose their way when traveling between New Granada and Popay�n (northern South America) because the bones of dead men formed an unmistakable path. [37] � The vultures would circle each time a new mine was dug.� In Mexico, where the natives were treated somewhat better, the natives were still forced into mining and becoming beasts of burden for the Spaniards, and dying in heaps in the mines and along the roads.� The Spanish labor practices, in a macabre continuation of what they did to the Taino in the Caribbean, may have been the greatest contributing factor to the native genocide. [38] The Egyptian, Roman, and Spanish mining practices were not universal.� Professionals, not slaves, performed gold mining in India.� The natives of the Incan empire saw their mines as sacred places, as the gold for their sun-god religion came from there.� The Incan miners were all married, as the Incan system had a miner’s wife care for him while he mined, and neighboring provinces would work his fields while he mined.� Bachelors could not mine.� No Incan miner ever died from overwork while Incas ran the mines, and they were exceedingly well fed.� Mining for the Incan Empire was not even considered hard work. [39] Cuz co, the seat of the Incan Empire and the center of Incan sun worship, contained amazing gold treasures.� The Spanish mercenaries came upon an Incan Empire wracked by civil war, caused by an epidemic that carried off vast numbers of people, including the emperor.� When they sacked the capital city, Cuzco, they stripped it of its treasures and melted it all down.� While the Spanish plunderers were busily stripping and melting all Incan art, some were aware enough to lament what was happening, and they wrote of seeing life-sized statues of people and animals, made of gold, and a garden full of plants and a herd of llamas (including their shepherd), all in gold and silver , source: www.nomadatalent.com.

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